In 2018, Wunderink et al reported that serotype-specific urinary antigen detection assays may further improve detection of pneumococcal pneumonia in hospitalized adults with CAP. Availability of pneumococcal UAT is the main perceived barrier to its routine use. Sputum Gram stain is reliable and diagnostic if performed on a nicely-collected specimen without many squamous epithelial cells (saliva contamination) and if a predominant organism is current. Other gram-negative pathogens (eg, Enterobacter species, Serratia species, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia) not often cause CAP in patients without underlying lung illness or immunosuppression. In certain sufferers admitted to the ICU, the microbial etiology of pneumonia may be advanced.
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Urinary antigen testing is considered the primary-line diagnostic test for L pneumophila. The sensitivity of the take a look at ranges from fifty five{ecda435ca5c37667b1ecd06b5f0c5059f83933056432b46400dc58318c7544e3}-ninety nine{ecda435ca5c37667b1ecd06b5f0c5059f83933056432b46400dc58318c7544e3}, with improved sensitivity paralleling illness severity. The urinary antigen test is applicable just for L pneumophila …